First off, I’ll make the disclaimer that I am not a doctor, and can’t for certain treat or diagnose any causal issues here. You should always listen to your doctors advice when it comes to health issues/injuries.
Given that you are experiencing pain after 2-3 builds, I would suggest doing a single build on each Cadence Drills session for several weeks. Or, doing 3-4 builds, but, the max should be the cadence you start to bounce. So if bouncing occurs at 130rpm, spend the 30sec building from 90-130 rpm.
If, at any point, you start to feel pain, or even a twinge, stop the effort and finish the rest of the ride at low/endurance effort.
I would also recommend checking the crank length and Q factor of your indoor setup. Even small differences in these two values between your normal outdoor bike can have a large impact on bike fit, and will be exacerbated by maximal cadence work.
There are no intervals that are beneficial if they physically injure you and inhibit your ability to train. That does not mean that you cannot build into those efforts. It means taking a slower approach to enable your body (tendons/ muscles/ ligaments) to adapt. If that means only completing one build each session, and spending the rest spinning easy, that is better than do nothing at all, and better than skipping those builds al together.
For now, take a dialed back approach to these sessions, and always stop thinking “I could have done a bit more” rather than “I’m stopping because it hurts”. If that means months and months of a single build or drill on these sessions that’s 100% okay.